Posts

Scope of application of the Hague-Visby Rules By: Evans Ago Tetteh, Ph.D. The Hague–Visby Rules is a set of international rules for the International carriage of goods by sea. It seeks to regulate all contracts entailing the issuance of a bill of lading or any similar document of title relating to the carriage of goods between ports in two different States and it provides for a very soft system of liability in favour of the carriers.   The rules apply to every bill of lading or any similar document of title relating to the carriage of goods between ports in two different States if: i) The bill of lading or document is issued in a contracting State; or ii) The carriage is from a port in a contracting State; or iii) The contract contained in or evidenced by the bill of lading provides that the Hague-Visby Rules or the legislation of any State giving effect to them (e.g. the UK’s Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971) are to govern the contract. Under Article V, the R

CHALLENGES FACED BY URBAN AND ROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION WITHIN THE URBAN AREAS OF ACCRA

Image
Urbanization has been one of the dominant contemporary processes as a growing share of the global population lives in cities.  Considering this trend, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support passenger’s requirements of large movements. Traditionally, the focus of urban transportation has been on passengers as cities were viewed as locations of utmost human interactions with intricate traffic patterns linked to communities, commercial transactions and leisure activities.  Services rendered by public transportation has been changed by new manufacturing, retailing and management practices. Urban Transportation is simply defined as transportation within/in the cities. Urban transport demand has increased substantially in the urban areas of Accra due to increases in population as a result of both natural causes and the migration from rural areas to areas in Accra. There are other factors causing an upsurge in transport demand. Some of these factors are socio